Trigger-prone snowdrift accumulations , easily recognized, otherwise good backcountry touring

Main problem this coming weekend: fresh snowdrift accumulations, small but easily triggered. In many wind-protected spots beautiful powder with surface hoar. Glide-snow avalanches on steep grass-covered slopes can still trigger naturally and grow to dangerously large size. Circumvent all zones below glide cracks.

Current situation

Snowdrift problem

The older snowdrift accumulations from recent days have now stabilized. Starting tomorrow, 12.01, northerly winds will intensify, on Saturday westerly winds are expected. Particularly in zones which till now have been windstill, loose snow on the surface will be transported. Some of the transported snow will be subsumed by the low air moisture. In windstill zones behind discontinuities, in bowls and gullies, the drifts will be deposited atop an unfavorable snowpack surface where there is surface hoar widespread up to high altitudes: we all know that this is a weak layer.

At altitudes of 1500-2300 above all, surface hoar has formed on the surface. Drifts deposited on it will easily trigger as avalancdhes. Tux Alps. (photo: 09.01.2024, ©Hubert Gogl).
Foehn diagram of South Tirolean Weather Service: until Saturday, 13.01, moderate to strong northerly foehn winds expected, due to gradient disparities.
On the weekend, westerly winds will generate fresh snowdrift accumulations throughout the land.

As a result of often strong winds, trigger-prone snowdrift masses will be generated which will be easy to recognize. The drifts should be avoided particularly in very steep terrain and in zones with sudden terrain drops.

Keep your eyes peeled for wind signs and danger zones in windstill areas, the frequency of avalanche prone locations can vary greatly from spot to spot. Wherever there has been little wind influence in recent days, there is more loose snow on the ground which can be transported. Particularly there, snowdrift accumulations can be bigger and a slab of medium size more possible.

Glide-snow problem

In addition, the danger of naturally triggered glide-snow avalanches persists. We have received many reports of isolated releases, particularly in regions where the biggest glide-snow problem prevails, e.g. west and north of the Inn. Caution urged in these danger zones, naturally triggered releases are still possible. Due to snow depths, they can grow to dangerously large size.

Fresh, naturally triggered large-sized glide-snow avalanche in the Lechtal Alps (photo: 09.01.2024, ©Markus Lorenz).  
Due to snow depths, glide-snow avalanches can grow to dangerously large size. In photo, a particularly large chunk in the deposit zone of a glide-snow avalanches near Steinkarspitze in the Lechtal Allps (photo: 06.01.2024, ©Stefan Zangerl).

Snow quality

The quality of skiing-snow is currently dependent on how much the winds have battered the snowpack since last weekend. Wind impact was evident esp. along the Main Alpine Ridge and in East Tirol, but also regionally in the Tux and Kitzbühel Alps (above, Kaiser Massif). Below and near the treeline and in wind-protected zones there is often loose powder, but also widespread surface hoar. Steep south-facing slopes often have a melt-freeze crust near the surface due to solar radiation, and are no longer rewarding for skiers.

Dream-come-true powder in the Stubai Alps (photo: 09.01.2024, ©LWD Tirol)
Breakable crusts in Voldertal in the Tux Alps (photo: 11.01.2024, ©LWD Tirol)
Favorable backcountry touring conditions wherever the fresh snow from last weekend is unbonded and there is no snowdrift. Fractures in more deeply embedded layers of the snowpack are unlikely, the snowpack is stable. (09.01.2024, ©Lukas Ruetz).

Review

Last weekend there was 30 to 50 cm of fresh snow registered widespread, temperatures dropped noticeably.

Fresh snow incl. settling between 6 and 8 January: throughout Tirol 30 to 50 cm. Comparatively little fell in the Silvretta and Samnaun ranges.

Where winds transported the snow, mostly small but highly trigger-prone snowdrifts accumulated behind discontinuities. They lie deposited atop cold, loose snow, often atop surface hoar. In addition there were numerous loose-snow avalanches in extremely steep terrain which plummeted long stretches and reached medium size.

Some reports reached us about slab avalanches involving persons. In one release near the Blaser on Serleskamm, two persons were injured.

Avalanche Blaser on Serleskamm on 10.01.2024. Two persons in their ascent were swept along by this slab avalanche (snowdrift problem) and injured. (photo: 10.01.2024, © Alpinpolizei)
Weather development last week. The formation of surface hoar can be seen in great clarity from the data at the measurement stations. The red arrow shows a particularly striking period where snow surface temperature (gray line) is notably below the thawing point (blue line), thus creating the prerequisite for formation of surface hoar.
Medium-sized slab avalanche triggered by person on a south-facing slope at 2000 m below Lichtsee, above Obernberg am Brenner. Weak layer: loosely packed powder. (photo: 07.01.2024, ©Andreas Vigl).
Deposit of naturally triggered (presumably loose-snow) avalanches in Stubai Glacier ski area. (photo: 07.01.2024, ©Günter Chwojan).
Presumably triggered by winter sports enthusiasts, this slab avalanche on a west-facing slope at 2350 m in freeriding terrain of St. Jakob in Defereggen ski area. Trigger-sensitive snowdrift atop loose powder snow was the cause. (photo: 07.01.2024, ©Mark Kleinlercher).
In East Tirol on 9-10 January there was still tenacious cloud cover up to 2700 m, while north of the Main Alpine Ridge there were cloudless skies. (photo: 09.01.2024, ©Christian Lang).
Wind sculpture near Glorer Hut in East Tirol (photo: 09.01.2024, © Anton Riepler).
Naturally triggered glide-snow avalanche on Pimig (2406 m) above Steeg (photo: 10.01.2024, ©Robert Bohlen).

Outlook

Stable high-pressure conditions will persist until after the weekend. At the end of next week the weather will bring a change, the high-altitude airstream could shift to W/SW and bring more variable and milder weather.  

Temperature inversion: in the early morning hours over the next few days, it will often be measurably colder than in the mountains.
Accumulated amounts of fresh snow over the next few days. Fresh snowfall is not anticipated. At the end of next week, a change could occur.